Reflection paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflection paper - Assignment Example I take good care of my appearance and present myself as a confident, friendly and professional person and do not impose myself on others. The important thing is to establish a level of comfort and trust with my associates. Being a manager of my company I consider that my strength is that I instill confidence in my people by giving them challenging assignments to help them build their skills and credibility. During the course of this study I have learnt to present myself in a way so as not to appear arrogant and aloof. I have also learnt to encourage workers to assess their capabilities, and feel comfortable in expressing themselves in front of me, other leaders and clients. As further development of my professional presence I would like to consider the factors that influence my behavior and how it affects others, and accordingly make my presence more effective. According to Albrecht, authenticity is how honestly one views his own personality and attitude. He has said in his book â€Å"to the extent that you respect yourself, have faith in your personal values and beliefs, and deal straight with other people, you are likely to behave in ways that others perceive as authentic.† (Albrecht, 88) When people suffer from poor self confidence, when they believe that other people will not like their values, behavior and attitude, they then attempt to mould themselves according to the desires and wishes of other people and present themselves in accordance to how the others want to perceive them as. In such cases, these people seem to others like they are behaving in an unauthentic manner. Narcissism which is considered as self-love by many psychotherapists, Albrecht sees it is as another type of unauthentic behavior which â€Å"can become pathological if it renders us incapable of engaging in two-way relationships of mutuality, sharing and s upport.† (Albrecht, 98) Authentic leadership means a

Mother Teresa Essay Example for Free

Mother Teresa Essay Mother Teresa was determined to help as many poor and homeless people as possible. She was always thinking of the many people in need. Everyone said about her â€Å"either move out of her way or help the poor.† They said that because she was always helping the poor and she wouldn’t let anyone or anything get in her way. She never cared about herself getting sick, all she cared about was the people in need. The reason why I want to be like Mother Teresa is because I want to make a difference in people’s lives just like she did. Also, I want to be like her because she was always thinking of others. Mother Teresa was very ambitious because she never rested until all of her patients were comforted because she saw the face of Jesus in all of them. God talked to Mother Teresa a lot. Once when she was on a train she heard God say to her, â€Å"get off the train and help the people in need.† So she did. She would always obey God’s orders. Whenever a person came up to her to ask for help she would help them with anything like if they needed food, care, or help with anything she was always there. That is another reason why I want to be like Mother Teresa. Mother Teresa is very worthy of imitation. Every day of Mother Teresa’s life since she became a nun, she was working with people. Mother Teresa served the poorest of the poor for over 45 years. Thanks to Mother Teresa, now there are many places for the homeless, poor, the unwanted, and lots more. Pope John Paul II said â€Å" Mother Teresa marked the history of our century with courage. She served all human beings by promoting their dignity and respect, and made those who had been defeated by life feel the tenderness of God.†

Financial Analysis Of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts Inc Finance Essay

Financial Analysis Of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts Inc Finance Essay Krispy Kreme Financial Analysis Krispy Kreme Doughnuts Inc is business that is involved in retail and wholesale of packaged sweets and doughnuts. Its initial business is franchising and also owning Krispy Kreme stores. At the beginning of 2010, they had 224 outlets in America and 358 shops all over the world. The company has four segments of operation; company stores, KK supply chain, international franchise stores and also stores franchised in America. In Krispy Kreme depreciation analysis, there are various methods used to calculate depreciation and these methods include; units of production, double declining balance and straight line (Warren 2008). Krispy Kreme uses the straight line method to calculate depreciation on their assets such as buildings, equipment, machinery and also leasehold equipments. The straight line method of calculating depreciation results in a constant annual depreciation charge.They make a breakdown of depreciation of all their assets and it consists of buildings, equipment, machinery, leasehold improvement, construction that are in progress and also land. In 2002, the total gross property and equipment was $156,484,000 and in 2003 it was $252,770,000. What had accumulated depreciation was $43,907,000 in 2002 and $50,212,000. Finding the net property and equipment is calculated by taking the gross amount for equipment and property and subtracting the depretiation that has accumulated. Krispy Kreme also uses SFAS-142 to account for all the intangible assets. In this method, intangible assets that have indefinite life are not amortized, since they will be subject to impairment test. By using SFAS-142 it results in more volatility in the reported income since impairment losses can occur irregularly in varying amounts. In the reports it is clear that, in reporting Operating Cash Flows Krispy Kreme uses the Indirect Method. In 2001 the money that was provided for operating activities was $32,112, 000 and the money allocated for dividends was $7,005,000. The money that was used for operating activities was more than the paid for dividends. The company decided it will pay cash dividends in 2002 and 2003. The item used in reconciling the difference that is between net income and cash flow from operations is the increase from expenses of $7,966,000, while in 2002, the highest value item in reconciling the difference between net income and cash flow from operations was $13,317,000 increase in receivables; in 2003, the highest value item that was used to reconciling the difference between net income and cash flow from operations is the tax benefit from the exercise of nonqualified stock options which was $13,795,000. The highest amount for investing activities was $37,310 for additions to property and equipment. In 2003, the highest amount for investing activities is $83,196 and was used for additions to property and equipment. So, cash outflow in investing activities increased in 2003. The highest amount for financing activities in 2002, is the cash inflow of $17,202 these are the proceeds from stock sale. In 2003, the highest amount for financing activities is the $2,170 cash outflow that is meant to repay the companies long term debt. There is an improvement in Liquidity from 2002 to 2003, this is evident by the increase in the cash flow provided to operating activities which increased from $36,210 in 2002 to $51,036 in 2003. The Company funds the capital requirements by using the cash that is generated from the business operations. As it is well stated in the report, We funded our capital requirements for fiscal 2000, 2001, and 2002 primarily through cash flow generated from operationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.Over the past three years, we have greatly improved the amount of cash we generate from operations. We believe our cash flow generation ability is becoming a financial strength and will aid in the expansion of our business. By the using the financial ratios, Krispy Kreme has a good financial healthy with a lot of growth prospects in the market; in using the Liquidity Ratios, The Companys Current ratio has grown from 1.94 in 2002 to 2.36 in 2003. The Quick ratio has grown from 1.63 for 2002 to 1.96 for 2003. Cash ratio has grown from 0.42 for 2002 to 0.54 for 2003. The increase in liquidity ratios in the years 2002 and 2003 is an indicator that company has improved in ability to repay short term debt and also good message to the company investor and prospective investors. In the Long Term Solvency Ratios, the Total Debt ratio for Krispy Kreme has grown from 0.27 for 2002 to 0.33 for 2003, and the Debt-to-Equity ratio has grown from 0.36 for 2002 to 0.50 for 2003. An increase in Debt-to-equity ratio is an indicator that company uses debts to run its operation. As the cost of debt is less than the cost of equity so WACC of the company will reduce down. A high debt-to-equity ratio puts a company at the risk of solvency if the debt is not managed. The Times Interest earned ratio has dropped from 127.25 for 2002 to 31.75 for 2003. High increase in debt-to-equity ratio and drop in Times Interest earned ratio are indicators that the company ability to pay its long term debt is put into question. The Asset Utilization Ratios for Krispy Kremes Inventory Turnover, has decreased from 22.49 for 2002 to 18.83 for 2003 and the Day Sales for Inventory has increased from 18.61 for 2002 to 23.31 for 2003. This is an indicator the inventory is not as well managed in 2003 as it was done in 2002. The Receivables Turnover ratio has decreases from 16.87 for 2002 to 16.05 for 2003 and the Day Sales in Receivables has increased from 24.89 for 2002 to 25.52 for 2003. The Total Assets Turnover ratio has also deteriorated from 1.85 in 2002 to 1.48 in 2003. The ratio indicates efficiency of utilization of assets has reduced in 2003. In the Profitability Ratio for Krispy Kreme, although the companys Profit Margin has increased from 6.69% for 2002 to 6.81% for 2003, the Return on Assets has declined from 10.33% to 8.16%, and also the Return on Equity have also gone down from 14.06% to 12.25%. But EPS of Krispy Kreme has increased from 0.49 for 2002 to 0.61 for 2003, which is a rise of 24.5%. Companys profit margin and EPS have both increased in 2003 when compared to 2002; this is even when the increase in profit margin is not significant. Krispy Kreme has been able to generally control its costs of sales. The Costs of sales are growing slower than the growth in sales. The growth in the operating expenses is less than growth of sales in both years 2002 and 2003. In 2002 and 2003 percentage increase in income tax is higher than percentage change in sales. The Net profit increase in percentage terms is more than the increase in the amount of sales increase. This is an indicator that there is an efficient operation of Krispy Kreme. Increase in percentage of the General and Administrative Expenses is more than increase in sales in both years 2002 and 2003. The company say that this is the case due to the massive expansion program that they have embarked on and thus they have incurred cost by hiring more employees by paying their salaries and other related costs. The number of shares which are outstanding has increased from 54,271 thousand to 56,295 thousand in 2003; this is a rise of 3.73%. Krispy Kreme has allowed 10,000 shares of preferential stock but has not gone forward to issue them. There have not been any dividend payments since 2001 by Krispy Kreme. Therefore the Yield from Dividend s is 0% for 2002 and 2003. There is an increase in Earnings per share from $0.49 for 2002 to $0.61 in 2003; this is an evidence of potential for the growth of the company. The assets of the company have also grown in 2003. This helps to indicate that Krispy Kremes stock is a Growth Stock and helps to explain the investors have not been paid any dividend. This is well stated in the report as is well explained, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦We intend to retain our earnings to finance the expansion of our business and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable futureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Dividend Payments are restricted by our bank credit facilitie s to 50% of our net income for the immediately preceding fiscal year Like a lot of companies globally, there is an increase in the number of challenges that affect operations of all companies in the market. Some of the challenges that are facing Krispy Kreme are; increase in competition, there are changes in customer preferences and tastes, the abilities of Krispy Kreme to manage growth, the quality of the franchise stores that are in operations, also the delays in the opening of stores and changes in technology. The price and also the availability of the raw materials necessary to run their operations is also a major challenge to Krispy Kreme. The human resource that is hired by the company is the most important asset and thus they should ensure that they help the company to overcome all the challenges. The staff must work hard by developing strategies that position Krispy Kreme for success in the future. The management must drive the company to success, this will be possible by the managing accounting ensuring they maintain well and report all the f inancial results to the managers. These reports should be both nonfinancial and financial reports and in them they should include; projections, company estimates and forecasts. Krispy Kreme is a company that is growing well and has a health financial position. The company has a solid capital investment worldwide and its cash flow is commendable. The cash flow is used to fund a lot of operations and is very important to the company. The Improvement in liquidity ratio is a good sign for the company and a growth by 24.5% in EPS shows that the company is growing. The decision by the company not to pay dividend in 2002 and 2003 is wise since the company has embarked on expansion program. The major concern is the ability of the company to service its long term debts; the company should also improve its utilization of assets and efficiently manage its inventory.

Characteristics of a Good Leader Essay -- Leadership

A good leader needs to have many particular characteristics. Some of these are obvious, such as that they care about what you are doing and always puts you before themselves. Also another trait of a good leader is that they always keep promises they make. Some of the subtle attributes of a good leader are that they do not hide behind bad news. Moreover, they are easy people to talk to and they have a good if not excellent sense of humor. In my opinion, the best leader would be one that enjoys being the leader, is anyways there when I need him or her, sets tangible milestones, always believes that I can do everything, is optimistic, gets everyone involved, wants everyone to be successful, and lastly is courageous and brave. All these characteristics describe the best leader in the world...

Annotated Bibliography by Jennifer Hust Durand

Prepared by Jennifer Hust Durand, V. M. & Barlow, D. H. (2009). Essentials of abnormal psychology(5th Ed. ). Belmont, CA. Wadsworth. This book explains abnormal psychology through their the most modern, scientific method for studying the subject. Throughout the text, it will teach you that psychological disorders are rarely caused by a single influence, but rooted in multiple factors: biological, psychological, cultural, social, familial, and even political. Kellner, Robert. Somatization and Hypochondriasis (1985).Praeger Publishers. This journal brought together a wide range of research, presenting new information on the nature of functional somatic symptoms and hypochondriasis. It displays surveys historical and current views on these topics, and explains similar symptoms. Bryant, Richard A. , Ph. D. and Harvey, Allison. G. Ph. D. Acute Stress Disorder: A Handbook of Theory, Assessment, and Treatment. (Jan. 2000). This article outlines techniques to prevent the development of P TSD by identifying and treating those with Acute Stress Disorder.Going on clinical and research experience, they review the underlying issues, and detail the procedures for using cognitive behavior therapy to treat Acute Stress Disorder. Weissman MM, Bruce LM, Leaf PJ: Affective disorders, in Psychiatric Disorders in America: The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. Edited by Robins LN, Regier DA. New York, Free Press, 1991, pp 53–80 This article describes the development of a brief and easy-to-use screening tool for bipolar spectrum disorder called the Mood Questionnaire.Thornton, Louise Loots: Recovery From Schizophrenia. (2001) This article is a life experience story of Louise Thornton, a mother of three children. Two have been diagnosed with mental illness. Her son, diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder, has been living with the symptoms for over 20 years. Her daughter has a dual diagnosis and severe depression. Erasmus, Susan. , Ford Fessenden for the New York Times: Pr ofile of a Rampage Killer. ,(Nov 2009)Issues related to the manner in which reporters cover acts of explosive, homicidal violence, such as those that occurred in high schools in 2000, are examined, focusing on the technique taken by the staff of the New York Times when they did a story on nine such rampage murders. Topics include the systematic gathering of information, which showed the importance of such factors as mental illness, pre-murder threats, and job loss; and the use of computer software in analyzing the information. Taylor & Francis.Deputy General Counsel, Illinois Department of Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities, Springfield, Illinois,: Journal of Legal Medicine Volume 15, Issue 3 September 1994 , pages 471 – 478. The Journal of Legal Medicine is internationally circulated and includes articles and commentaries on topics of interest in legal medicine, health law and policy, professional liability, hospital law, food and drug law, medical legal resear ch and education, the history of legal medicine, and a broad range of other related topics.

Top Biology Programs in U.S. Universities

Top Biology Programs in U.S. Universities College and university biology programs provide the opportunity to study a plethora of ideas and concepts. Below is a list of the top biology programs from colleges and universities in the United States. Obviously, publications rate the programs differently, but Ive seen the following programs turn up consistently in the rankings. It is always best to compare and contrast different programs as biology programs are unique. Always choose the best school for your interests and aspirations. Good luck! Top Biology Programs: East Boston UniversityOffers programs of study with undergraduate specialization in behavioral biology, cell biology, molecular biology genetics, ecology conservation biology, neurobiology, and quantitative biology. Brown UniversityOffers opportunities for study at all levels of biological organization, as well as a range of collaborative opportunities for independent study and research. Carnegie Mellon UniversityOne of the nations top private research institutions, this university offers courses that focus on five core areas: genetics and molecular biology, biochemistry and biophysics, cell and developmental biology, neuroscience, and computational biology. Columbia UniversityOffers programs to prepare students for careers in basic research, medicine, public health, and biotechnology. Cornell UniversityCornells Biological Sciences program has hundreds of course offerings with concentrations in fields such as animal physiology, biochemistry, computational biology, marine biology, and plant biology. Dartmouth CollegeCourses of study provide students with an understanding of biology at environmental, organismal, cellular, and molecular levels. Duke UniversityProvides opportunities for specializations in sub-disciplines including anatomy, physiology and biomechanics, animal behavior, biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, evolutionary biology, genetics, genomics, marine biology, neurobiology, pharmacology, and plant biology. Emory UniversityOffers advanced programs of study in various sub-disciplines including cell and molecular biology, physiology, ecology and evolutionary biology. Harvard UniversityOffers specialized plans of study in biomedical engineering, chemical and physical biology (CPB), chemistry, human developmental and regenerative biology (HDRB), human evolutionary biology (HEB), molecular and cellular biology (MCB), neurobiology, organismic and evolutionary biology (OEB), and psychology. Johns Hopkins UniversityOffers opportunities for study in biomedical engineering, neuroscience, biophysics, cellular and molecular biology, microbiology, and much more. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)MIT offers courses of study in areas such as biochemistry, bioengineering, biophysics, neurobiology, and computational biology. Penn State UniversityIncludes programs of study in fields including general biology, ecology, genetics developmental biology, neuroscience, plant biology, and vertebrate physiology. Princeton UniversityOffers opportunities for study in areas including molecular biology, ecology and evolutionary biology, and chemical and biological engineering. University of North Carolina at Chapel HillThe programs of study at UNC prepare students for careers in the biological, environmental, and medical sciences. This includes fields such as medical, dental, and veterinary medicine. University of PennsylvaniaOffers areas of study including genetics, molecular biology, cell biology, development, plant biology, vertebrate physiology, neurobiology, behavior, ecology, and evolution. University of VirginiaThe biology curriculum offers specialization in areas such as genetics, molecular biology, cell biology, ecology, and evolution. Yale UniversityThe Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (MCDB) provides opportunities for study in biotechnology, plant sciences, neurobiology, genetics, cell and developmental biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, and chemical biology. Central Indiana University - BloomingtonStudents earning a degree in biology at this university are prepared for careers in biology, biotechnology, and health-related fields. Specialized areas of study include ecology, genetics, microbiology, cellular, developmental, environmental, and molecular biology. Michigan State UniversityOffers various programs in the biological sciences including biochemistry and molecular biology. Northwestern UniversityOffers opportunities for study in the biological sciences with concentrations in biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology, neurobiology, physiology, and plant biology. Ohio State UniversityPrograms of study include forensic biology, life sciences education, and pre-health professions. Purdue UniversityOffers a wide range of study in fields of biology such as biochemistry; cell, molecular, and developmental biology; ecology, evolution, and environmental biology; genetics; health and disease; microbiology; and neurobiology and physiology. University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignProvides opportunities for study in genomics, physiology, ecology, evolution, and cell and molecular biology. University of IowaOffers biology programs of study in areas including cell and developmental biology, evolution, genetics, neurobiology, and plant biology. University of Michigan at Ann ArborPrograms provide opportunities for study in ecology and evolutionary biology; molecular, cellular and developmental biology, and neuroscience. University of Notre DameBiological and environmental sciences programs allow students to study evolutionary biology, cellular and molecular biology, cancer biology, immunology, neuroscience, and more. Vanderbilt UniversityOffers courses and research opportunities in biochemistry, structural biology and biophysics, cell biology, genetics, molecular biology, computational biology, evolutionary biology, ecology, developmental biology, and neurobiology. Washington University in St. LouisProvides opportunities for study in genetics, neuroscience, development, population biology, plant biology, and more. West Arizona State UniversityThe field of biological science at Arizona State offers opportunities for study in animal physiology and behavior; biology and society; conservation biology and ecology; genetics, cell and developmental biology. Baylor UniversityBiology programs at Baylor are designed for students interested in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, ecology, environmental science, wildlife, conservation, forestry, genetics, or other areas of biology. Rice UniversityOffers opportunities to study in biochemistry and cell biology; biological sciences; ecology and evolutionary biology. University  of Colorado at BoulderOffers four undergraduate  biology-related  programs of study in molecular, cellular and developmental biology; ecology and evolutionary biology; integrative physiology; and biochemistry. University of KansasProvides opportunities for study in biochemistry, biology, microbiology, and molecular biosciences. University of MinnesotaPrograms of study in biology and in cell and molecular biology are offered for individuals interested in graduate study or professional training in the biological and health sciences. University of MontanaOffers opportunities to earn degrees in biology, microbiology, and medical technology. University of Nevada Las VegasUNLVs biological sciences program offers areas of concentration in biotechnology, cell and molecular biology, comprehensive biology, ecology and evolutionary biology, education, integrative physiology, and microbiology. University of OklahomaThis biological sciences program prepares students to enter medical, dental, or veterinary training, as well as other  biology-related  careers. University of OregonOffers biology programs of study with concentrations in ecology evolution; human biology; marine biology; molecular cellular developmental biology; and neuroscience behavior. University of Wisconsin at MadisonThe University of Wisconsins biology program includes opportunities for specialization in neurobiology and evolutionary biology. Pacific California Institute of TechnologyOffers opportunities for study in biology or  bioengineering. Stanford UniversityThis biology program gives students the foundation needed to pursue careers in the medical and veterinary  fields, as well as preparation for graduate study. University of California at BerkeleyProvides opportunities for study in biochemistry molecular biology; cell developmental biology; genetics, genomics development; immunology pathogenesis; and neurobiology. University of California at DavisStudent may choose to major in several concentrations including biochemistry and molecular biology; biological sciences;  cell biology; evolution, ecology and biodiversity; exercise biology; genetics; microbiology; neurobiology, physiology and behavior; and plant biology. University of California at IrvineOffers opportunities for study in biological sciences, biochemistry and molecular biology, biology/education, developmental and cell biology, ecology and evolutionary biology, genetics, microbiology and immunology, and neurobiology. University of California at Los AngelesProvides opportunities to study in biology and a number of biology-related areas including  ecology, behavior, and evolution; marine biology; microbiology, immunology, molecular genetics; molecular, cell developmental biology; integrative biology and physiology; neuroscience; and computational systems biology. University of California at Santa BarbaraStudents may choose to major in several specialized areas of biology including aquatic biology; biochemistry and molecular biology; ecology and evolution; cell and developmental biology; pharmacology; physiology; and zoology. University of Southern CaliforniaOffers opportunities for study in biological sciences,  human development  and aging, neuroscience, environmental science, and more. University of Washington at SeattleProvides opportunities for study in areas of biology including ecology, evolution, conservation biology; molecular, cellular developmental biology; physiology and plant biology.

Cosmetic Surgery essay Essays

Cosmetic Surgery essay Essays Cosmetic Surgery essay Paper Cosmetic Surgery essay Paper Cosmetic Surgery Did you know that the number of parents giving their eighteen year old graduate girls breast implants has recently tripled? One out of fifty- seven thousand cases of cosmetic surgeries end in death. Those deaths are either due to blood clots, anesthesia complications, seizures, heart attacks, or high fever. Despite the risks, Cosmetic Surgery is on the rise among men and women. Cosmetic Surgery was once viewed as a taboo subject. Mainly it was only the wealthy that could afford the surgery and it was not discussed or announced they had any work done. Today, Cosmetic Surgery has become one of the most popular trends in America. Surgery has also become more affordable for everyone. There is no question that celebrities have also played a huge role in the trend.   Whether you are watching television or reading a magazine, you are very likely to hear or read something about Cosmetic Surgery. The past few years, there have been several shows about the subject such as â€Å"Extreme Makeover†, and â€Å"Dr. 90210†. MTV has also started targeting young adults with shows such as â€Å"I Want a Famous Face†. Such shows have contributed too much of the popularity, increasing the number of surgeries performed. Cosmetic Surgery first began in the eighth century by physicians in ancient India. They were using skin grafts for reconstructive surgery. It was also common for them to perform rhinoplasty, due to barbaric rituals of cutting off noses and upper lips of one’s enemies. (Wikipedia, 2008). The United States first plastic surgeon was Dr. John Peter Mettauer born in Virginia in 1787. He performed the first cleft palate operation with tools he had designed himself. Dr. Mettauer studied medicine in Philadelphia. He also founded a private medical school, which became the first medical department. (American Society of Plastic Surgeons) During World War II, the severities of the soldier’s injuries gave surgeons the chance to practice their skill. Some of the injuries were shattered jaws, blown off noses and severe head wounds. Soon after, some surgeons were sent to Third World countries to teach other physicians the techniques to help give their citizens a better way of life. In the 1940’s, the American Society of Plastic Surgery was born. This organization was designed to give memberships to surgeons specializing in the Cosmetic Surgery field. To become a member, the surgeons had to pass an exam in order to qualify and earn the right to call themselves Plastic Surgeons. Currently, in order to become a member, a surgeon must earn a Board Certification by earning a degree from an accredited medical school, complete three years of surgical surgery, three years of supervised residency in plastic surgery, have at least two years of professional practice and must pass a written and oral exam. (Becoming Board Certified, www.newimage.com). Modern technology has made it easier to find a Board Certified Surgeon. The internet is a great source in finding a surgeon that fits your needs and criteria. A good rule of thumb when researching a surgeon is to find one that specializes in your type of surgery. It is also a good idea to make sure the anesthesiologist is also certified. (American Board of Anesthesiology, www.newimage.com) Recently, a famous rapper lost his mother due to complications after liposuction. The surgeon who performed the operation was not Board Certified. It is up to the patient to do their research when locating a surgeon. There are many reasons why people seek Cosmetic Surgery. Most of the time vanity contributes an important part. â€Å" A misconception some patients have is that a surgeon can make a specific feature to the exact specifications of the patient.† (McCurdy, 1981) Surgeons use a screening process to ensure the potential patient’s motive is valid and realistic. The cosmetic defect must be obvious to the surgeon. Not all patients are accepted for surgery. Those with potential psychological problems will be recommended an evaluation with a psychologist before the surgeon will accept the patient. People that are physically unhealthy, such as having diabetes, heart disease, high cholesterol or malnourished are considered high risk and are not considered good candidates. Also, being overweight puts added stress on your heart during the operation.   A person that smokes and wants to have surgery must quit and be smoke free for two weeks before and after surgery. This is so that the patient can heal properly. Smokers also have a greater chance of having infections and anesthesia complications. It is advised to talk openly with your surgeon about any health conditions or concerns a patient has so that they can better explain the risks and complications that can occur. There are many options when it comes to types of surgical cosmetic procedures a person can have performed. Body Contouring, Breast Surgery and Facial Surgery are to name a few. There are also non surgical cosmetic procedures that are very popular such as Botox, Laser Hair removal and Laser Skin Resurfacing. According to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons, Surgeries performed in 2007, were mainly women with a ninety one percentile. Men had the other nine percent. The top surgical procedure performed on women was breast augmentation, coming in a close second was liposuction. The top non surgical procedure was Botox. For men, the top surgical procedure was liposuction with eye lid surgery being second. Their top choice for non surgical procedures was Botox with Laser Hair removal second. (Plastic Surgery Research, www.plasticsurgeryresearch.com) The combined, surgical and non surgical procedures performed in 2007, for men and women in the United States were nearly 11.7 million people. American Society for Aesthetic Cosmetic Surgery has reported an eight percent increase in surgeries performed since January 2000(American Society of Aesthetic Cosmetic Surgery, www.asacs.com) Statistically, there were 347, 524 Breast Surgeries and 301, 882 liposuction procedures performed in The United States in 2007.   Method Participants Apparatus Procedure   Results Discussion References American Board of Anesthesiology. (n.d.). Retrieved July 22, 2008, from aba.com American Society of Aesthetic Cosmetic Surgery. (n.d.). Retrieved June 8, 2008, from asacs.com American Society of Plastic Surgeons. (n.d.). History of Plastic Surgery. Retrieved from asps.com Becoming Board Certified. (n.d.). Retrieved July 22, 2008, from newimage.com McCurdy, j. (1981). The Complete guide to Cosmetic Surgery. New York: Frederick Fell Publisher. Plastic Surgery Research. (n.d.). Retrieved July 22, 2008, from plasticsurgeryresearch.com Wikipedia. {2008}. History of Plastic Surgery.

Free Essays on History Of The Guitar

The guitar's roots are in believed to be in Spain because realistically, it cannot be traced back further than the 15th Century. It is thought to have been invented by the people of Malaga. This early instrument was a "four course" guitar, from which the ukulele is derived. The first guitars were very small, and were originally strung with four pair of strings. Each pair was called a course. During the Renaissance, the guitar never had the respect the lute enjoyed. It was not considered a serious instrument. The first publication for guitar is thought to have been Alonso Mudarra's "Tres Libros de Musica en Cifras para Vihuela." Eventually though, the guitar began to attract players and more publications and music began to appear. At the end of the Baroque period two significant changes were made to the guitar. The double strings were replaced by single strings, and instead of four pair, there were six single strings. During the Classical period there were many publications, composers and performers. Fernando Sor, Mauro Guilliani, Matteo Carcassi, Fernando Carulli and many others who wrote music, published methods and performed concerts. The guitar became very popular and guitar concerts were common. Sor played the guitar as a solo instrument at the London Philharmonic Concert in 1817. In memoirs, George Hogarth stated: "He astonished the audience by his unrivaled execution." Paganinni was also active, playing and writing for the guitar as well as the violin. Another famous name is Stradivarius, who, made guitars as well as violins. At the end of the 19th century, the guitar had fallen out of favor, but was resurrected later by Francisco Tarrega. He did few public performances though, and chose to perform for friends at his home. He did compose, and he wrote a method for teaching guitar. He also transcribed many pieces of music for the guitar. Segovia was one of many guitarists that were influenced by him. Tarrega also beg... Free Essays on History Of The Guitar Free Essays on History Of The Guitar The guitar's roots are in believed to be in Spain because realistically, it cannot be traced back further than the 15th Century. It is thought to have been invented by the people of Malaga. This early instrument was a "four course" guitar, from which the ukulele is derived. The first guitars were very small, and were originally strung with four pair of strings. Each pair was called a course. During the Renaissance, the guitar never had the respect the lute enjoyed. It was not considered a serious instrument. The first publication for guitar is thought to have been Alonso Mudarra's "Tres Libros de Musica en Cifras para Vihuela." Eventually though, the guitar began to attract players and more publications and music began to appear. At the end of the Baroque period two significant changes were made to the guitar. The double strings were replaced by single strings, and instead of four pair, there were six single strings. During the Classical period there were many publications, composers and performers. Fernando Sor, Mauro Guilliani, Matteo Carcassi, Fernando Carulli and many others who wrote music, published methods and performed concerts. The guitar became very popular and guitar concerts were common. Sor played the guitar as a solo instrument at the London Philharmonic Concert in 1817. In memoirs, George Hogarth stated: "He astonished the audience by his unrivaled execution." Paganinni was also active, playing and writing for the guitar as well as the violin. Another famous name is Stradivarius, who, made guitars as well as violins. At the end of the 19th century, the guitar had fallen out of favor, but was resurrected later by Francisco Tarrega. He did few public performances though, and chose to perform for friends at his home. He did compose, and he wrote a method for teaching guitar. He also transcribed many pieces of music for the guitar. Segovia was one of many guitarists that were influenced by him. Tarrega also beg...

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

English - Essay Example The effect is devastating to health. One out of three children who were born from 2000 will contact early onset of diabetes and among the minorities, that will be one in two or 50 %. Outbreaks of E-coli are already common that takes toll to our health due to unnatural way of growing and processing this foods which are demanded by fast foods. Second Paragraph: Hidden Cost in Encouraging Locally Produced Food (perhaps you have to re-evaluate this, I saw the movie and this does not fit) The hidden cost in encouraging locally produced food is that is that it is more healthy because it is grown by farmers in the natural way and as such organic and healthy. When the food that you buy does not have to travel that long, no preservatives are added to it to store it longer. It will also discourage multinational corporations, especially the fast food corporations, to control and demand how the food industry should be produced. When their control is weaken in the food industry by encouraging loc ally produced food, the mechanization of the food industry will also be discouraged. Third Paraghraph: Hidden Cost in Encouraging Others to Shop Locally Shopping locally will create demand for the local produce of the farmers and will make their products more viable in the market. As the movie puts it, the answer should not be David fighting Goliath but local producers should be like Goliath.

Climate Change - Maldives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Climate Change - Maldives - Essay Example The overall impact of rising of the sea level is flooding or even submergence of low-lying coastal areas. Therefore, low lying islands like the Maldives Islands that lie about 8 feet above the sea level are likely to be submerged. This is due to projections that the sea level is likely to rise for about 8 feet over the next century. Climate change will not only threaten the economy, culture and environment of Maldives, but also the existence of the country (Knox, 2009). Therefore, there is need for the country to revise its foreign policy in order to effectively push for global action on climate change. If the government cannot effectively lobby for global action on climate change then the citizens of Maldives are going to lose their country in the next century. According to the projections released by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the average global rise in sea level will be between 0.09m and 0.37m in the coming decades (Radic, 2008). This is likely to either submerge the nation’s beaches or increase beach erosion and bring about higher storm surges that threaten the country’s biodiversity (Dunya, 2015). Loss of biodiversity would put the country’s environment at jeopardy as it will result in extinction of various animal and plant species. Increased depths may hinder growth of coral polyps which will in turn affect fish breeding and the country’s fishing grounds. The loss of the coral reef biodiversity will have a devastating impact on human settlement in Maldives Islands. The rise in sea means that salt water will intrude into f resh water sources in the country which will impact negatively on agriculture and terrestrial ecosystems (WorldBank, 2010). Erosion and submergence of beaches in the Maldives Islands means that the country will no longer receive tourists. This will be the worst economic tragedy to the nation since its economy largely depends on foreign exchange earned from the tourism sector. In

Analyzing Psychological Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Analyzing Psychological Disorders - Essay Example They assert that all disorders stems primarily form learning or conditioning. The major debate that comes out of these two schools is called the ‘Nature v/s Nurture’ issue. In this work, however, I am going to take the stand of biopsychological perspective which attributes biological, psychological and social causes all to be responsible for disorders. In Part A, Schizophrenia will be analyzed in biopsychological perspective. The symptoms, causal factors and drug therapies for the disorder will also be discussed. In Part B, two other disorders, Anorexia and Anxiety will be analyzed again with the aid of biopsychological perspective and other discussions regarding their relevance to the nature-nurture issue and their treatments. While studying the symptoms of Schizophrenia, various researches have found significant difference in the structure of the brain affected by the disorder. Foremost, problems have been found in structural connectivity in the effected brains. The fluid-filled sacs that surround the brain called lateral ventricles were seen enlarged in brains with Schizophrenia. The volume of the brain is reduced and the cerebral cortex is smaller often times (Cazaban, 2003). The blood flow in frontal regions is lower and the temporal lobe is smaller. The hippocampus, amygdala and limbic system are also found to be smaller by certain researches (Cazaban, 2003). The major part of the brain affected by this disorder is the prefrontal cortex which is associated with memory that results in the disordered though. A major causal factor of Schizophrenia is described to be genetic. A number of recent studies have confirmed that this disorder can be genetically transferred. There is a strong association between the closeness of the blood relationship (i.e. level of gene sharing or consanguinity) and the risk for the disorder (Carson, Butcher, Mineka, & Hooley, 2007 p.501). Several other twin-studies conducted also confirm that people are genetically

Discuss to what extent the role of Groupthink in the Challenger Space Essay

Discuss to what extent the role of Groupthink in the Challenger Space Shuttle was critical to the incident and suggest ways in which the situation might have been avoided - Essay Example Groupthink theory, and the model resulting from it, is one of the most prominent efforts to try and explain decision-making outcomes in organizations (Whyte, 1998). This theory is considered useful in the explanation of one of the most prominent disasters of modern time. In 1986, NASA launched a space mission in which the space shuttle Challenger was to deliver astronauts and a school teacher to space. This mission was supposed to be a bold statement that space travel was safe and NASA had made advances in space program that would be educationally beneficial to all Americans. This paper examines the decisional process that culminated to the fateful disaster that befell Challenger and its crew, sparking so many questions on NASA’s organization and its safety ethics. The paper particularly examines the role of groupthink theory in the disaster. After the introduction the paper provides a brief description of the Challenger disaster, it then discusses groupthink as was presented by Janis (1982). A big part of the paper is dedicated to examining the role of groupthink in the Challenger disaster after which suggestions are provided about how the disaster would have been avoided. The paper then ends with a brief conclusion summarising the key issue s discussed. In 1986 NASA launched what was to be its safest mission into space which was supposed to usher in an era of safe space travel. However, this was not to be as disaster struck shortly after the launching of the space shuttle Challenger. The shuttle exploded mid-air killing all crew and leaving NASA with the responsibility of explaining decisions leading to the accidents. Immediately after the shock of the disaster that befell Challenger, the public was demanding answers about how and why the accident took place (Solomon, 2006). Public investigations by a presidential commission set up for that purpose

Informative publication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Informative publication - Essay Example This number is insignificant when you compare it with the number of graduates from our institution. For instance, it is evident that over 10,000 students graduated in the year 2013. Summing up all the students that have graduated since 2008 and then relating with the 2000 students with degrees in careers related with science will make you understand the impact of producing insignificant number of scientists. Our current world is changing every day from bad to worse. This is as results of technological changes that have contributed to the pollution as well as depletion of factors that hold the universe together. Majority of the world misuse cases are as a result of lack of awareness. Very few people know how to relate the daily occurrences with scientific reactions. For instance, very few people understand the impact of carbon dioxide to the ozone layer. Telling people that the carbon dioxide results to ozone layer depletion without explaining to them how it happens beats logic. We need to be in a position to explain some incidents in the universe by aid of evidence. It is as a result of this that we are holding a gland Science Congress meeting in our school. The poster that you will receive is designed in a very a unique way in order to grasp your attention. The title of the poster is in large fonts as well as bright colors so that you can see from a distance along expound what the whol e poster entails. The designs of other writings within the poster are meant to grasp your attention as well as convey the message concerning the title of the poster. The venue in which the Science Congress event will take place is written in large and bold fonts so that you can read it easily. The picture at the bottom and left side of the poster is of our guest of honor. Majority of you know Professor Lac Wal and others I think you have heard of him. Those who do not know him will also have

Introduction to project management (Project Proposal) Essay

Introduction to project management (Project Proposal) - Essay Example I choose to be a facilitator to emphasize that the wellspring of â€Å"knowledge and experiences† and the skills utilized does not come from me but from the targeted group themselves. This will boost their confidence in what they do, make them perform better and provide service worth what the client is paying for. It is our Christian vow to help the elderly, widows, and those that are suffering financially (low income earners). It is also our social responsibility as members of the community to empower them. We have to make them see that they are untapped resources that can be utilized under an income generating activity that is sustainable, cost effective, easy to manage. Under this activity the experiences and knowledge of the elderly will be a fine resource for creative writing. They will be given the opportunity to tell their stories, their dreams and legacies. This will fill their days with purpose and joy of having to remember and reminisce. The manpower to encode and send them to freelance writing sites will be a task for the low income earners. This entire scheme will be under a group â€Å"job† provider that will make representations with the freelance writing sites and will also receive payment. For us to work and give of our time and resources, we have to be committed to the cause. For only with commitment comes passion to work hard and finish the project till the very end. So, as a Christian and as a Member of the community, I call upon you to contribute your God-given talents into this activity that will help people in

Discuss to what extent the role of Groupthink in the Challenger Space Essay

Discuss to what extent the role of Groupthink in the Challenger Space Shuttle was critical to the incident and suggest ways in which the situation might have been avoided - Essay Example Groupthink theory, and the model resulting from it, is one of the most prominent efforts to try and explain decision-making outcomes in organizations (Whyte, 1998). This theory is considered useful in the explanation of one of the most prominent disasters of modern time. In 1986, NASA launched a space mission in which the space shuttle Challenger was to deliver astronauts and a school teacher to space. This mission was supposed to be a bold statement that space travel was safe and NASA had made advances in space program that would be educationally beneficial to all Americans. This paper examines the decisional process that culminated to the fateful disaster that befell Challenger and its crew, sparking so many questions on NASA’s organization and its safety ethics. The paper particularly examines the role of groupthink theory in the disaster. After the introduction the paper provides a brief description of the Challenger disaster, it then discusses groupthink as was presented by Janis (1982). A big part of the paper is dedicated to examining the role of groupthink in the Challenger disaster after which suggestions are provided about how the disaster would have been avoided. The paper then ends with a brief conclusion summarising the key issue s discussed. In 1986 NASA launched what was to be its safest mission into space which was supposed to usher in an era of safe space travel. However, this was not to be as disaster struck shortly after the launching of the space shuttle Challenger. The shuttle exploded mid-air killing all crew and leaving NASA with the responsibility of explaining decisions leading to the accidents. Immediately after the shock of the disaster that befell Challenger, the public was demanding answers about how and why the accident took place (Solomon, 2006). Public investigations by a presidential commission set up for that purpose

Introduction to project management (Project Proposal) Essay

Introduction to project management (Project Proposal) - Essay Example I choose to be a facilitator to emphasize that the wellspring of â€Å"knowledge and experiences† and the skills utilized does not come from me but from the targeted group themselves. This will boost their confidence in what they do, make them perform better and provide service worth what the client is paying for. It is our Christian vow to help the elderly, widows, and those that are suffering financially (low income earners). It is also our social responsibility as members of the community to empower them. We have to make them see that they are untapped resources that can be utilized under an income generating activity that is sustainable, cost effective, easy to manage. Under this activity the experiences and knowledge of the elderly will be a fine resource for creative writing. They will be given the opportunity to tell their stories, their dreams and legacies. This will fill their days with purpose and joy of having to remember and reminisce. The manpower to encode and send them to freelance writing sites will be a task for the low income earners. This entire scheme will be under a group â€Å"job† provider that will make representations with the freelance writing sites and will also receive payment. For us to work and give of our time and resources, we have to be committed to the cause. For only with commitment comes passion to work hard and finish the project till the very end. So, as a Christian and as a Member of the community, I call upon you to contribute your God-given talents into this activity that will help people in

Unification of Germany Essay Example for Free

Unification of Germany Essay Economic success, political failure, and diplomatic tension marked the idea of a unified Germany in the period after the Napoleonic Wars. It was not clear around which power, Austria or Prussia, Germany could achieve national unification (Merriman 2010). Prussian merchants, with the support of the Prussian crown, established the customs and trade union known as the Zollverein in 1834 (AP Central German Unification 2013). The Zollverein freed trade between most of the German states, with the exception of Austria. The upper class were wary of any change that might threaten the status quo and feared the strong nationalist feeling unleashed by the revolution, the expansion of which might lead to, they reasoned, the proclamation of the equality of all citizens (Merriman 2010). Industrialists and merchants thus brought liberal politics into German nationalism. During the Revolution of 1848, liberals met in the Frankfurt Assembly and drafted a constitution modeled on the ideals of the French Revolution of 1789 (AP Central German Unification 2013). The assembly offered to share power under a constitutional monarchy and offered the crown of a unified Germany to Frederick William IV of Prussia. The Revolution of 1848 brought some liberal reforms to Prussia, such as the ability of the parliament to obstruct certain forms of taxation. However, the Prussian leadership, which was thoroughly conservative, rejected the Frankfurt constitution, preferring reform and unification directed from above. Austrias resistance of attempts to unify Germany under Prussian leadership further obstructed unification. One of the major questions concerning German unification centered on this Prussian-Austrian rivalry, which was both diplomatic and cultural. Supporters of Greater Germany insisted that Prussians and Austrians, with a common language naturally, should be part of one nation. However, proponents of Lesser Germany argued that Austria should be excluded from unification due to dynastic rivalry between the Hohenzollerns and the Hapsburgs and the cultural differences between a mostly Protestant Prussia and Catholic Austria (AP Central German Unification 2013). Figure 1 : Kaiser Wilhem I German Emperor (18 January 1871 – 9 March 1888) The Wars of German Unification The path to unification for Germany came through diplomacy and war. The French defeat at the Battle of Sedan and annexation of Alsace-Lorraine brought Bavaria into the German Confederation, and William I became the first monarch of the German Empire (AP Central German Unification 2013). In 1862, Wilhelm I of Prussia appointed Otto von Bismarck prime minister. Bismarck’s name became closely identified with the term Realpolitik, or â€Å"the politics of realism† (Muntone 2011). Bismarck was a very able man, both pragmatic and determined. Bismarck’s focus was on a united Germany with a strong monarch. Bismarck’s belief in a strong monarchy made him a political conservative and in the 1860’s he was faced with a hostile liberal majority in Parliament (Muntone 2011). Therefore, Bismarck directed the nation’s attention to foreign affairs. This would allow him to maintain control of the domestic policy, since civilian populations always accepted special government controls and restrictions during wartime. In 1864 Bismarck trumped up charges against the Danish government for their treatment of Germans living in the Danish province of Schleswig-Holstein. Prussias defeat of Denmark and annexation of Schleswig-Holstein set Prussia on a collision course with Austria for dominance of central Europe. Following the defeat of the Austrian Empire in 1866, the German states allied with Prussia, with the notable exception of Catholic Bavaria, forming the North German Confederation. In his first two wars, Bismarck balanced Russian and French concerns over the growing power of Prussia. In the former, Bismarck manipulated long-standing Russian mistrust of Austria to form an alliance. With France, Bismarck benefited from Emperor Napoleon IIIs failed campaign in Mexico, which distracted the French from European affairs. This was only temporary and the Franco-Prussian War began in 1870. Figure 2: Otto Von Bismarck Prime Minister of unified Germany The opportunity for the final step in German unification arrived in 1870. Bismarck decided to go to war with France, believing that the other German states would come to Prussia’s aid. He changed the wording of a press release so that it gave the appearance of a deliberate insult from the Prussian king to the French emperor (Muntone 2011). On reading the statement, Napoleon III immediately declared war on Prussia. As Bismarck had calculated, the southern German states allied themselves with Prussia against their common enemy, France (Muntone 2011). The war can accurately be describe as â€Å"Franco-German† rather than â€Å"Franco- Prussian† because many German states besides Prussia played a major role in defeating the French(Muntone 2011). The efficiency and superior strategy of the German military brought the French to a speedy surrender. The peace treaty gave Germany control of Alsace and Lorraine, and provided for a compensatory payment to Prussia of 5 billion francs. Although Prussia had provoked the war, France had technically been the aggressor, and at any rate was on the losing side (Muntone 2011). Figure 3: German Empire of 1871 Conclusion On January 18, 1871, Wilhelm I of Prussia was officially crowned emperor of Germany. Below is a copy of the imperial proclamation on January 18, 1871 that unified Germany as a nation: The Imperial Proclamation, January 18, 1871 Whereas the German princes and the free cities have unanimously called upon us to renew and to assume, with the restoration of the German Empire, the German imperial office, which has been empty for more than sixty years; and Whereas adequate arrangements have been provided for this in the constitution of the German Confederation;We, Wilhelm, by the grace of God King of Prussia, do herewith declare that we have considered it a duty to ur common fatherland to answer the summons of the united German princes and cities and to accept the German imperial title. In consequence, we and our successors on the throne of Prussia will henceforth bear the imperial title in all our relations and in all the business of the German Empire, and we hope to God that the German nation will be granted the ability to fashion a propitious future for the fatherland un der the symbol of its ancient glory. We assume the imperial title, conscious of the duty of protecting, with German loyalty, the rights of the Empire and of its members, of keeping the peace, and of protecting the independence of Germany, which depends in its turn upon the united strength of the people. We assume the title in the hope that the German people will be granted the ability to enjoy the reward of its ardent and self-sacrificing wars in lasting peace, within boundaries which afford the fatherland a security against renewed French aggression which has been lost for centuries. And may God grant that We and our successors on the imperial throne may at all times increase the wealth of the German Empire, not by military conquests, but by the blessings and the gifts of peace, in the realm of national prosperity, liberty, and morality. Wilhelm I, Kaiser und Konig (Halsall 1998). In a final insult to the French, the Germans held the ceremony in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles. Nationalism was a major force in the creation of the German Empire. Both the nobles and the common people supported unification. In contrast to the treatment given to Austria in 1866, the conditions imposed on France in 1870 and 1871 were very harsh (World History at KMLA 2008). For the following decades, the recovery of Alsace-Lorraine was a political goal of French diplomacy, and one of the roots for World War I (World History at KMLA 2008). Unification was accomplished with the approval of most, but not of all Germans. Especially in Hannover, annexed in 1866, the aversion of Prussia remained strong and Hannovers representatives in Germanys Reichstag, the Welfen, were in constant opposition (World History at KMLA 2008). The Catholic Bavarians remained skeptical of the new Empire. The army had been the most visible instrument by which unification had been achieved. In the German Empire, the defense forces were revered. The state failed to establish a mechanism ensuring state control over the army. When World War I began, military reasoning (crossing Belgium to get into France, the Schlieffen-Plan) won out over political reasoning (World History at KMLA 2008). The breach of Belgiums neutrality was the main reason for charging Germany with sole responsibility for World War I.

Characteristics of a Capitalist Society

Characteristics of a Capitalist Society Title: What social, economic or cultural characteristics define a society as capitalist? Which characteristics have held constant, and which been transformed, in the period since the late 18th century? According to sources, it was William Makepeace Thackeray who initially applied the notion of ‘capitalism’ in 1854 to define the ownership of capital. Throughout the history, the term capitalism has been closely associated with other related notions, including: market capitalism, laissez-faire (pure capitalism), economic liberalism, private enterprise etc[1]. Capitalism transformed feudalism in the Western world, namely Britain, from where it had flourished throughout Europe predetermining economic, cultural and political developments of the then society. Later, over the 19th and 20th centuries, capitalism formed the grounds of industrialization[2]. Nevertheless, namely the eighteenth century became crucial in the foundation of capitalism concept after the first economic school was established in Britain. The school has produced much of the fundamental thought in the field of classical political economy supported by the invaluable contributions of David Ricardo, Adam Smit h, John Stuart Mill, and Jean-Baptiste Say et al who thoroughly researched various ways goods were produced, distributed and exchanged under market conditions. Namely, those classical thoughts have set the foundations of the contemporary perception of capitalism[3]. During the 18th century the concept of capitalism was much commercialized and dominated by merchants. Consequently, by the end of 18th century, mercantilism was in dire straits since mercantile activity could not longer provide sufficient resources to maintain military expenditures of those states that depended on commerce. The subsequent industrial revolution was another driving force that had intensified the crisis since the new industrializing countries were questioning the true value of mercantilist practices. In the course of the industrial revolution, merchants were replaced by industrialists to dominate the capitalist system and diminish the roles of conventional handicraft labourers, including guilds, artisans and journeymen. Other effects involved the advancement of bourgeoisie as a dominant social class as well as immense mechanization of agriculture. Being the center of the Industrial Revolution in the mid-18th century, Great Britain made a considerable influence on the ne w perception of traditional mercantilist doctrines through the works of economic theorists who claimed that the global wealth was constant and only states were able to increase their own wealth at the account of other (weaker) states. According to Marx, since the last third of the 18th century industrial capitalism should be associated with the following factors: (1) development of the factory system wherein manufacturing was based on the complex division and exploitation of labor within work processes; (2) routine designation of work duties; and (3) the overall dominance of the capitalist mode of production[4]. In the mid-18th century, French physiocrat David Hume much contributed to the promotion of free trade as well as the concept of land as the main source of wealth. Later on, in 1759 Franà §ois Quesnay outlined further features of capitalism in his Tableau Économique, wherein he provided the first ever analytical description of the economy, having predetermined the grounds for the economic theory forwarded by physiocrats. These critical views were strongly supported by Anne Robert Jacques Turgot who advocated free trade in contrast to customs duties and tariff. More precisely, Richard Cantillon featured the notion of long-run equilibrium being the balance of income flows, pointed out the dependence between land and prices, and the impact supply and demand had on short-term prices[5]. 1776 marked the appearance of Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations wherein the economist defended his standpoint regarding natural liberty system and fiercely opposed mercantilism. At this point, according to economic theorists, the roots of classical political economy were put down. Specifically, the economist forwarded a couple of capitalism-related concepts that are of great theoretical and empirical importance today. For instance, Smith’s ‘invisible hand’ theory of the market indicates that individual interest is a core prerequisite of collective social good (wealth). While forwarding his liberal economic concepts favoring free markets, Smith was vehemently opposed by the sentiments of then domineering mercantilist society[6]. In particular, Smith severely criticized all forms of state intervention in the economy, as well as restrictions imposed by a state including duties and tariffs, and monopolies, on the other hand. At that he held a strong view that market alone was able to fairly redistribute all the available resources. More than that, Smith advocated retaliatory tariffs as indispensable part of free trade, wherein patents and copyrights encouraged innovation[7]. In a while, Smith’s views were supported by David Ricardo the author of the economic law of comparative advantage forwarded in 1817 in The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, explaining mutual benefits of trade between the parties, regardless all possible economic differences between them. Thus, the notion of free trade was proven. Guided by the Say’s Law, Ricardo emphasized on the significance of full employment enabling a competitive economy with normal equilibrium[8]. Furthermore, Ricardo advocated strong interrelation between the changes in credit and monetary quantities and inflation, and emphasized on the diminishing returns highlighting the interdependence of additional inputs and outputs[9]. Following Smith’s ideas, Karl Marx clearly differentiated the use and exchange value of commodities in the market. Hence, Marx perceived capital as the value created through the purchase of commodities in order to create new commodities which exchange value would exceed the amount of initial purchases. Moreover, Marx considered the use of labor force featured by certain exchange value (i.e. wage) as a sufficient commodity in the capitalist society. Though, according to Marx, the value of labour force has always been less compared to the value potentially gained by the capitalist out of its use. Such principle difference, as Marx argues, creates surplus value extracted and accumulated in the capitalist society. Marx’s fundamental work is named Capital, where he clearly distinguished the capitalist mode of production. Precisely, to provide a relevant evidence Marx explained how the surplus was extracted by the capital owners from workers through the sale-value of produced commodities[10]. In due respect, Marx claimed that namely surplus value extraction laid the grounds for a struggle between the classes. Thus, Marx considered labour as the primary source of profit. In addition to this, Marx held a strong opinion regarding an exploited labor as the driving force that could revolutionize socialist-style economies. Herewith, the analysis of Marxian thinking assumes that centrally-planned economies mainly established in the former communist societies to a great extent reflected the features of state capitalism through the exploitation of labor force. Subsequently, in 1916 Vladimir Lenin transformed the notion of Marxian capitalism into imperialism claiming monopoly capitalism as the highest stage of capitalism society in his Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism[11]. The German Historical School provided fresh insight into the perception of capitalism as the efficient system that supplied markets with production. In such a way, this approach highlighted the core difference between capitalism and previous modes of economic activity since capitalism assumed principal shift from medieval restrictions imposed on money and credit to the monetary economy emphasizing on the profit. Another prominent thinker that influenced the understanding of distinguishing characteristics of capitalism in the 19th century was Max Weber, German social theorist. Weber mainly concentrated on market exchange conversely to production, as the main distinguishing characteristic of capitalism. At that, he pointed out that within the capitalist mode enterprises focused on the rationalization of production by maximizing productivity and efficiency[12]. In his fundamental work 1904-1905 The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Weber traced the way capitalism transforme d previous economic systems. For this purpose, the theorist highlighted the ‘spirit of capitalism’ particular to Puritan comprehension of human laboring. Weber deemed that a devotion to God helped the Puritans to lay the foundations of the then economic mode. Compared to Marx, Weber regarded capitalism in a broader perspective rather than merely a result caused by the alterations in the means of production[13]. Therefore, capitalism, from Weber’s viewpoint, was the advanced economic system that had ever been developed throughout human evolution. In particular, Weber identified the following distinguishing characteristics particular to capitalism: public credit, corporate business, and expansion of bureaucracy. Being opposed to socialist remarks against capitalism, Weber himself criticized the very economic system as one that posed threat to the conventional cultural values shared by the society as well as the one that constrained human freedom. Namely, Weber much criticized ‘spiritless specialists’ and ‘heartless hedonists’ who had nothing in common with the genuine Puritan spirit particular to capitalism[14]. During 1930-s, John Maynard Keynes had a tremendous influence on the notion of capitalism and the role of monetary policy. The British economist emphasized on the important functions of monetary policy within economic policy. In his The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money 1937 he argued that capitalism was not able to fully recover from the slowdowns in investment. At that, Keynes claimed that the economic mode particular to the capitalist society could sustain its indefinite equilibrium even in spite of high unemployment. At that, during the 1930s Keynesian approach to economics assumed that laissez-faire capitalist economics was self-sufficient and did not need any intervention from a state to cut down unemployment or boost aggregate demand. Furthermore, Keynes suggested ‘pump-priming’ approach to save the economy from recession in the period of economic down-turn, which involved increase in government borrowing and spending as well as cutting-down taxes. In such a way, Keynes put forward his idea of cutting real wages through the system of their control from the state and deterring from holding money during inflation[15]. This indicates that Keynes much favored state regulation as an effective tool to eliminate economic slowdown. Actually, Keynesian policies enabled the capitalism recovery afterwards the state of the Great Depression[16]. The contemporary academic research on the concept of capitalism is largely grounded on neoclassical economics and the relevant approaches developed by the Chicago School. The modern perception of capitalism therefore favors neutral government regulation and coordination of markets with the focus being placed on property rights’ maintenance; deregulation of labor markets; promotion of corporate governance by private owners; development of transparent financial systems with capital market-based financing in their core. According to Milton Friedman, active follower of Adam Smith’s thinking, under the conditions of free competition social responsibility makes up an indispensable part of any business activity and profit-making. In such a way, Friedman shows how self-interest can benefit the entire society in the modern economic conditions[17]. The major distinctive features of capitalist society were pointed out throughout the 20th century while experts compared and contrasted due system with the centrally planned economic system. In due respect, capitalism has always enabled consumers with free choice, while producers were able to satisfy a consumer demand. By contrast, in the planned economies the production was entirely controlled and directed by a hierarchically-led state policy. Thus, capitalism alone has achieved sufficient delivery of goods and services through the privatization of previously state-owned means of production and infrastructural objects. In addition to this, the notion of capitalism is closely associated with the abolishment of subsidies and free trade wherein capitalist society is prone to perform both rational and irrational actions that are often unpredictable. Namely the last quarter of the 20th century clearly indicated the increasing ability of people and capital to mobilize. Globalization alone has opened a new avenue for the development of both capitalist and non-capitalist models. Today, capitalism is regarded by many as world system featured by all the peculiarities of capitalist trade. Analysts state that such perception of capitalism dates back to the early 20th century imperialism. Following the same fashion, imperialistic policies emphasized on the promotion of capitalistic principles of free trade among countries. Taking the abovementioned features of the contemporary capitalism into account, it is noteworthy that along with many positive effects global capitalism has caused the state of global inequality in income rates, social security, access to strategic resources, and redistribution of world capital. In due respect, since the times of the Industrial Revolution there have been considerable changes boosted by economic growth in such areas as life expectancy, access to educational resources and information and communication technologies, literacy, infant mortality, child labor etc. By and large, global capitalist economy has been dramatically shifted b y the invention and fast application of telecommunications within the last thirty years. Information and communication technologies such as computers, Internet and cell phones have enabled most of the business transactions in virtually any part of the globe[18]. Overall, capitalism promotes economic growth and social standard of living measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP). According to Adam Smith, free market alone allocates necessary resources and controls production and price, which is particular to the contemporary world capitalist system. Furthermore, capitalist economy, if compared to conventional economic systems and feudal or socialist societies, provides vast opportunities to raise individual income while engaging in new professions or launching private business ventures, for example. As Milton Friedman puts it, competitive capitalism leads to economic freedom and subsequently to the political one where there is no place for the centralized control of economic activity or political repression from the state. Conversely, the variety of market economy transactions causes wide diversity of activities and/or their free choice. In accordance with John Maynard Keynes and Friedrich Hayek, capitalism is a reflection of economic freedom w hich is essential for social survival and development[19]. Thus, many capitalism supporters claim that namely the decentralized system of coordination is the most powerful feature of capitalism. Particularly, the decentralization of economic processes leads to free competition and optimal solutions to the arising challenges. Even the slightest control from then state, according to the Austrian School thinkers, can potentially cause serious inefficiencies since economy then becomes unpredictable in the long-term perspective. One of the major causes of the Great Depression, for instance, was the immense interventionist policy led by the Federal Reserve. Despite such positive views on capitalism, throughout its long evolution this economic concept was fiercely criticized by namely left-oriented proponents. 19th century conservatives, for instance, regarded particular characteristics of capitalism such as commodity production and free market exchange as potential threats to religious and cultural traditions. Other critics associated capitalism with the spread of negligence, corruption, and many other socio-economic problems. Socialists, for example, strived for the state regulation of capitalism rather than its abolishment. Throughout centuries, much of criticism has been received from religious leaders who fiercely opposed the materialist side of capitalism. From a religious viewpoint, it would rather be mixed economy that could meet the demands of society and ensure economic justice. For the most part, critics point out at negative features of capitalism including: inefficient and unfair distribution of power and wealth; monopolisti c tendencies of businesses and corporations; signs of cultural and economic exploitation of cheap and unskilled labour force (including children and/or old people); social alienation, unemployment, economic instability, and inequality to name a few. Nowadays, however, we understand capitalism as an economic system that assumes private ownership and control of wealth and the means of its production. In due respect, state ownership bears limited relation to the essence of capitalism. Both private individuals (entrepreneurs) and companies (corporations and small and medium-sized enterprises) own, operate, and trade capital and labor, as well as other resources for the sake of profit-making. In the contemporary conditions, capitalism is an indispensable component of market economy which entirely excludes any government intervention in the transactions that involve investments, income, distribution, production, pricing and supply of goods and services etc. Furthermore, labour as such is a distinguishing feature that characterizes capitalism in the contemporary conditions of fierce competition. Based on appropriate knowledge and skills, human resources are viewed as the most valuable asset by the majority of employers. Herewith, marke t rules make up a regulatory framework that determines economic developments in the contemporary capitalist state. In most instances, the role of a state is limited to the provision of relevant infrastructure and public goods. This indicates that economic developments are predominantly grounded on the so-called ‘laissez-faire’ principle envisaging a minimum state intervention into the economy. Consequently, the contemporary notion of capitalism highlights the ultimate importance of the control over the means of production by private owners wherein the state role is mainly limited to the protection of property rights. However, such conclusion would be correct only from the pure capitalism viewpoint. By and large, the well-developed contemporary economies present a mixture of public and private ownership and therefore are reasonably referred to as the capitalist mixed economies, where both private capital and state serve their particular roles. In its essence, classical p olitical economy has been strongly interrelated with classical liberal doctrine assuming minimum economic intervention on the part of government. At that economic and social realms were clearly distinguished, wherein state could provide necessary public goods and services[20]. Reference list Bellamy, R. 2003, The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Political Thought. Cambridge University Press Burnham, P. 2003, Capitalism: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics. Oxford University Press. Calhoun, C. 2002. Capitalism: Dictionary of the Social Sciences. Oxford University Press. Edgell, S. 2006, The Sociology of Work: Continuity and Change in Paid and Unpaid Work. London: Sage, Ch 1. Erhardt, E. History of Economic Development, Lindner Center Auditorium, Cincinnati. Evans, P. 1997, The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization. World Politics 50 (1): 62–87. Friedman, M. 1970, The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits, The New York Times Magazine. Hunt, E. 2002, History of Economic Thought: A Critical Perspective. M.E. Sharpe Kumar, K. 1978, Prophecy and Progress, London Penguin. Ch. 3. Lane J. Ersson, S. 2002, Government and the Economy: A Global Perspective. Continuum International Publishing Group. Saunders, P. 1995, Capitalism. University of Minnesota Press. Skousen, M, 2001, The Making of Modern Economics: The Lives and Ideas of the Great Thinkers. M.E. Sharpe Wheen, F. 2006, Books That Shook the World: Marxs Das Kapital1st ed. London: Atlantic Books 1 Footnotes [1] K Kumar 1978, Prophecy and Progress, London Penguin. Ch. 3. [2] P Saunders, 1995. Capitalism. University of Minnesota Press. p. 1 [3] M Skousen 2001, The Making of Modern Economics: The Lives and Ideas of the Great Thinkers. M.E. Sharpe [4] S Edgell 2006, The Sociology of Work: Continuity and Change in Paid and Unpaid Work. London: Sage, Ch 1. [5] M Skousen 2001, The Making of Modern Economics: The Lives and Ideas of the Great Thinkers. M.E. Sharpe [6] E Hunt 2002, History of Economic Thought: A Critical Perspective. M.E. Sharpe [7] P Burnham 2003, Capitalism: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics. Oxford University Press. [8] M Skousen 2001, The Making of Modern Economics: The Lives and Ideas of the Great Thinkers. M.E. Sharpe [9] C Calhoun 2002. Capitalism: Dictionary of the Social Sciences. Oxford University Press. [10] F Wheen 2006, Books That Shook the World: Marxs Das Kapital1st ed. London: Atlantic Books [11] E Erhardt, History of Economic Development, Lindner Center Auditorium, Cincinnati. [12] Erhardt (Ibid). [13] Erhardt (Ibid). [14] Erhardt (Ibid). [15] Erhardt (Ibid). [16] M Friedman 1970, The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits, The New York Times Magazine. [17] Friedman (Ibid). [18] P Evans 1997, The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization. World Politics 50 (1): 62–87. [19] R Bellamy 2003, The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Political Thought. Cambridge University Press [20] J Lane S Ersson, 2002, Government and the Economy: A Global Perspective. Continuum International Publishing Group.

Themes of Wuthering Heights Essay -- Emily Bronte

The novel Wuthering Heights is written by Emily Bronte. The narrative is non-linear, involving several flashbacks, and involves two major narrators - Mr. Lockwood and Ellen "Nelly" Dean. The novel opens in 1801, with Lockwood arriving at Thrushcross Grange, a house on the Yorkshire moors he is renting from the impolite Heathcliff, who lives at nearby Wuthering Heights. Lockwood spends the night at Wuthering Heights and has a terrifying dream: the ghost of Catherine Earnshaw, pleading to be admitted to the house from outside. Intrigued, Lockwood asks the housekeeper Nelly Dean to tell the story of Heathcliff and Wuthering Heights while he is staying at the Grange recovering from a cold. Some of the important themes in Wuthering Heights are, revenge, reciprocated and unreciprocated love, obsession, selfishness, and responsibility. Bronte mainly focuses on the love between Catherine and Healthcliff. The difference between the feeling that Catherine has for Heathcliff and the one she feels for Edgar is that Heathcliff is part of her nature, he is like her soul mate. While on the other hand she only marries Edgar as a means improving her status rather than for genuine love. Revenge is the most dominant theme in the book, although at the end Heathcliff abandons his plan for revenge. For Heathcliff revenge started when Hindley used to abuse him when they were younger. He started to hate him and wanted to seek revenge. After he came back from his journey he made Hindley’s life miserable.Heathcliff also wanted revenge on Edgar who married the woman he loves. In the last chapter Heathcliff first believes that if he can avenge the death of Catherine that he will somehow grow closer to her. Though the exact opposite happens. When Hea... ...there are certain tensions, contradictions, and ambiguities present in Chapter 34 that establish the true intensity Heathcliff's feelings towards Catherine, feelings so intense that they border on a jealous obsession. On the other hand Edgar Linton Edgar represents gentlemanliness. He is viewed as a resident of Thrushcross Grange and he does not relocate throughout his life but is raised and dies here. As his wife, Catherine must move to the Grange, where Edgar is the master and patriarch. His inheritance, unlike that of Heathcliff, is legitimate and he is an educated man. In many ways, Edgar is governed by materialism, we need only examine the description of Thrushcross grange to appreciate the environment which characterises him. He is defined as ‘a doll’, and a ‘spoiled child’. His character is consistent and his love for Catherine devoted and traditional. Themes of Wuthering Heights Essay -- Emily Bronte The novel Wuthering Heights is written by Emily Bronte. The narrative is non-linear, involving several flashbacks, and involves two major narrators - Mr. Lockwood and Ellen "Nelly" Dean. The novel opens in 1801, with Lockwood arriving at Thrushcross Grange, a house on the Yorkshire moors he is renting from the impolite Heathcliff, who lives at nearby Wuthering Heights. Lockwood spends the night at Wuthering Heights and has a terrifying dream: the ghost of Catherine Earnshaw, pleading to be admitted to the house from outside. Intrigued, Lockwood asks the housekeeper Nelly Dean to tell the story of Heathcliff and Wuthering Heights while he is staying at the Grange recovering from a cold. Some of the important themes in Wuthering Heights are, revenge, reciprocated and unreciprocated love, obsession, selfishness, and responsibility. Bronte mainly focuses on the love between Catherine and Healthcliff. The difference between the feeling that Catherine has for Heathcliff and the one she feels for Edgar is that Heathcliff is part of her nature, he is like her soul mate. While on the other hand she only marries Edgar as a means improving her status rather than for genuine love. Revenge is the most dominant theme in the book, although at the end Heathcliff abandons his plan for revenge. For Heathcliff revenge started when Hindley used to abuse him when they were younger. He started to hate him and wanted to seek revenge. After he came back from his journey he made Hindley’s life miserable.Heathcliff also wanted revenge on Edgar who married the woman he loves. In the last chapter Heathcliff first believes that if he can avenge the death of Catherine that he will somehow grow closer to her. Though the exact opposite happens. When Hea... ...there are certain tensions, contradictions, and ambiguities present in Chapter 34 that establish the true intensity Heathcliff's feelings towards Catherine, feelings so intense that they border on a jealous obsession. On the other hand Edgar Linton Edgar represents gentlemanliness. He is viewed as a resident of Thrushcross Grange and he does not relocate throughout his life but is raised and dies here. As his wife, Catherine must move to the Grange, where Edgar is the master and patriarch. His inheritance, unlike that of Heathcliff, is legitimate and he is an educated man. In many ways, Edgar is governed by materialism, we need only examine the description of Thrushcross grange to appreciate the environment which characterises him. He is defined as ‘a doll’, and a ‘spoiled child’. His character is consistent and his love for Catherine devoted and traditional.

Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders Essay -- Health Violence Papers

Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders The possible relationship between sexual abuse and the development of an eating disorder has gained attention over the last few years. Researchers have attempted to clarify this potential link using a variety of population samples and research methodologies. As will be shown, the results of these investigations are rather diverse and sometimes inconclusive. In the following review of the literature, the complex relationship between sexual abuse and eating disorders will be examined while also discussing the methodological limitations of the various designs. Anorexic Samples Steiger and Zanko (1990) compared rates of incestuous abuses (sexual contacts with family members) and extrafamilial abuses (sexual traumata involving other perpetrators) among eating disordered women who met DSM-III-R (American Psychiatric Association, 1987) criteria, women with psychiatric disturbances, and normal women. The authors’ interest in the psychological effects of abuse led them to examine psychological defenses which are believed to filter perceptions and affects. Defenses were of interest to the authors for two reasons: (1) incest victims often resort to maladaptive defenses with a self-victimizing quality, in which anger at others is expressed through self-sabotaging acts; and (2) the authors’ previous work suggests that eating disordered women use primitive defenses when compared to normal and psychiatrically disturbed women. This particular study was designed to determine the degree to which traumata like sexual abuse might have effects upon defense-sty le development. In order to compare rates across eating disorder subtypes, the eating disordered women were divided into the following groups: (1) ... ... Test: The BULIT-R. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 3, 119-124. Walters, C., Smolak, L., & Sullins, E. (1987). Parent-child interactions and severity of child sexual abuse. Paper presented to the annual convention of the Society for Research in Child Development, Baltimore. Welch, S.L., & Fairburn, C.G. (1994). Sexual Abuse and Bulimia Nervosa: Three integrated case control comparisons. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 402-407. Wonderlich, S., Donaldson, M.A., Carson, D.K., Staton, D., Gertz, L., Leach, L.R., & Johnson, M. (1996). Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 11, 195-207. Zlotnick, C., Hohlstein, L.A., Shea, M.T., Pearlstein, T., Recupero, P., & Bidadi, K. 1996). The Relationship Between Sexual Abuse and Eating Pathology. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 20, 129-134.

Cisco Systems, Inc Essay

Cisco Systems, Inc. is an American-based multinational corporation that designs and sells consumer electronics, networking and communications technology and services. Headquartered in San Jose, California, Cisco has more than 65,000 employees and annual revenue of US$40. 0 billion as of 2010. The stock was added to the Dow Jones Industrial Average on June 8, 2009, and is also included in the S&P 500 Index the Russell 1000 Index, NASDAQ100 Index and the Russell 1000 Growth Stock Index. [4] Cisco is one of the world’s biggest technology corporations. Corporate history One of the many buildings on the Cisco Systems campus in San Jose Len Bosack and Sandy Lerner, a married couple who worked as computer operations staff members at Stanford University, later joined by Richard Troiano, founded Cisco Systems in 1984. Lerner moved on to direct computer services at Schlumberger, moving full time to Cisco in 1987. The name â€Å"Cisco† was derived from the city name, San Francisco, which is why the company’s engineers insisted on using the lower case â€Å"cisco† in the early days. For Cisco’s first product, Bosack adapted multiple-protocol router software originally written some years before by William Yeager, another Stanford employee who later joined Sun Microsystems. The company’s first CEO was Bill Graves, who held the position from 1987 to 1988. [5] In 1988, John Morgridge was appointed CEO, and succeeded in 1995 by John Chambers. While Cisco was not the first company to develop and sell a router,[6] it was one of the first to sell commercially successful routers supporting multiple network protocols. [7] As the Internet Protocol (IP) became widely adopted, the importance of multi-protocol routing declined. Today, Cisco’s largest routers are primarily used to deliver IP packets. In 1990, the company was listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange. Lerner was fired; as a result Bosack quit after receiving $200 million. Most of those profits were given to charities and the two later divorced. Cisco acquired a variety of companies to bring in products and talent into the company. Several acquisitions, such as Stratacom, were the biggest deals in the industry when they occurred. During the Internet boom in 1999, the company acquired Cerent Corporation, a start-up company located in Petaluma, California, for about US$7 billion. It was the most expensive acquisition made by Cisco to date, and only the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta has been larger. Several acquired companies have grown into $1Bn+ business units for Cisco, including LAN switching, Enterprise Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP), and home networking. Cisco acquired Linksys in 2003. In late March 2000, at the height of the dot-com boom, Cisco was the most valuable company in the world, with a market capitalization of more than US$500 billion. [8][9] In July 2009, with a market cap of about US$108. 3 billion,[10] it is still one of the most valuable companies. [11] The company was a 2002-03 recipient of the Ron Brown Award,[citation needed] a U. S. presidential honor to recognize companies â€Å"for the exemplary quality of their relationships with employees and communities†. In 2010, Cisco bought Starent Networks, a mobile technology company and Moto Development Group, a product design consulting firm that helped develop Cisco’s Flip video camera. [12] The Company has built its Globalization Centre East in Bangalore for $1 billion and 20% of Cisco’s leaders will be based there.

Problem of Good and Evil Essay

? 12/2/09 How can a God who is both omnipotent and good allow evil in the world? For Christians, evil can be a problem because non-believers can use it as a way to attack Christianity. The first thing they might say is if there is evil, then God must not be good or omnipotent because he is allowing it. Yes, God allows evil in the world, but evil does not come from God. Evil comes directly from Satan. We see this in the book of Matthew, vs. 1-11, where Satan tries to tempt Jesus. Another way an non-believer may discredit Christianity is saying that because there is evil, God doesn’t exist. This is definitely false. God does exist and we know because the Bible says so. We also can see the results of his power. Some examples of that are when Moses led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and God parted the waters of the red sea so they could get through, but he closed them over the Egyptians and they were wiped out. Another example is the woman who had been bleeding for twelve years, in Mark 5: 25-34, and with one touch of Jesus’ robe, was healed. This is just a little taste of God’s power over evil. Finally, non-believers could say that God is no better than pagan gods, but he is real and here to save us. God hates evil, but Adam sinned which caused evil in mankind, and he had to bear the consequences of his disobedience against God. The Bible shows us that God is both omnipotent and good. God is omnipotent which means all-powerful. In Luke 1:37, it says â€Å"For nothing is impossible with God. † There isn’t anything that God can’t do. Also in Rev. 19:6, it states â€Å"Then I heard what sounded like a great multitude, like the roar of rushing waters and like loud peals of thunder, shouting: ‘Hallelujah! For our Lord God Omnipotent reigns’. In that verse, we see God directly described using that word. Now on the other hand, God is good. How can we define good? That is difficult to do. My definition of good is: â€Å"Having desirable or positive qualities. † God is good to his people, and everything he has created. Psalm 136:1, a passage about God’s goodness, says, â€Å"Give thanks to the Lord, for he is good. His love endures forever. † Another passage is from Psalm 34:8, which says â€Å"O taste and see that the Lord is good: blessed is the man that trusts in him. † This verse is saying that if you let God in your life, you will see that he can provide only good things for you. He will not bring evil your way. God may cause trials in your life, but that is only because he wants to produce perseverance, as said in James 1:3.